The Employment of Speech Act Elements in the Experience of the Poet Al-Muhalhil ibn Rabiah

A Case Study of the Poem Jarat Banu Bakr

Abstract

The performative act or speech acts constitutes the vital aspect in the structure of argumentative and pragmatic discourse. Indeed, there are researchers who place it in the rank of a term or concept synonymous with pragmatic. It is the energy and the basic engine that works to transform speech into an act of accomplishment that can be achieved on the ground. It has levels that the philosopher Austin and John Searle worked on classifying. The organic relationship between speech or saying and its achievement is invested in the text or poetic discourse according to five categories: assertives, directives, commissitives, expressives, and declarations. This is what we will try to discover in the poetry of Al-Muhalhal bin Rabi’ah. The poet’s poetry was built on the basis of levels that arise from what the author’s purpose requires. The meaning of the accomplishment required to be achieved has references related to the pre-Islamic reality and the dialectical discourse that we can sense in specific types and topics such as elegy, satire, and pride. Each topic has its own strategies that work to influence the recipient. Every response has an extension in the text. There are phrases and sentences that have A request style that takes the elements of verbs as a functional role in passing messages through which orders or requests are directed that require the recipient to be convinced by them or to try to change behavior and show solidarity with the poet’s cause in his revolutionary taking and sympathy with the argument and evidence that legitimizes the killing or the act of excessive killing against the Jassas tribe, which constitutes the realistic dimension in the text and its discourse.