The Theology of Optimism in Leibniz's philosophical 'Theodasis'
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26750/Vol(10).No(1).Paper3Keywords:
Optimism, Theoday, Leibniz, Evil, Consistency.Abstract
Leibniz is considered one of the pioneers of rational philosophy and one of the mathematicians of his time، Therefore, we find in his texts rational solutions and alternatives in a mathematical way to philosophical and theological problems and dilemmas such as the 'problem of evil' and cosmic harmony, and the 'principle of sufficient cause' and the compatibility between the perfection of God as the source of good and the existence of evil in the universe، Also, he tries to prove the existence of God with rational evidence، And he wants to reconcile religious sects، But this discription of him, gives a stereotypical picture of Leibniz and his philosophy، And does not cover the other side in it: facing the existential anxiety of man because of the existence of evil in the universe through optimism, and that the world is the best possible world، From here, it turns out that his optimistic view presents a comprehensive picture of the universe, and proves the existence of good and not just evil in the world، The basis of human optimism, lack of despair, and anxiety about the fate of man in the emergence of evil, is belief in the power of omnipotence and wisdom، He also tried to establish the pillars of his philosophy on hope and optimism, and on the principle of harmony and logical compatibility between the contradictions in the universe/world، All this indicates the truth; That Leibniz is not only religious and theologian in the prevailing sense, but he tried to solve a fundamental and existential problem of the human being، And that the significance of being in a world full of immoral things can be balanced، Therefore, solving the problem of evil and tragedies with an equivalent of optimism as a basis for human existence، Because he believed in the ability of the mind to reach the truth، On the other hand, things and events can be seen as an equation to maintain balance and cosmic harmony.
References
Antognazza, M، R., 2016، Leibniz: A Very Short Introduction، s.l.: Oxford University Press.
Antognazz, M، R., 2007، Leibniz and Trinity and Incarnation، Reason and Revelation in the seventh century، s.l.: Yael University Press.
Arthur, R، T، W., 2014، Leibniz، s.l.: Polity Press.
Car, H، D., 2020، The Best of All Possible Worlds? Leibniz’s Philosophical Optimism and Its Critics 1710–1755، Leiden: Brill.
Daeley, J., 2022، Why God Must Do What is Best، A Philosophical Investigation of Theistic Optimism، s.l.: Bloomsbury Academic.
Erich Auerbach, 2003، Mimesis، s.l.: Princeton University Pres.
Garber, D., 2014، Monads and the Theodicy: Reading Leibniz، In: New Essays on Leibniz’s Theodicy، s.l.: Oxford University Press, pp، 219-232.
Hernandez, J، G., 2010، SOPHIA، [Online]
Available at: DOI 10.1007/s11841-009-0159-7
Hume, D., 2007، Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion، s.l.: Cambridge University Press.
Jeffery, R., 2008، Evil and International Relations، s.l.: Palgrave Macmillan.
Jolley, N., 1993، Leibniz: truth, knowledge and metaphysics، In: Routledge History of Philosophy: The Renaissance and Seventeenth-century Rationalis، s.l.: Routledge, pp، 353-388.
Kermani, N., 2011، The Terror of God: AttarJob and the Metaphysical Revolt، s.l.: Polity Press.
Kivy, P., 2019، Philosophy and Literature، [Online]
Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/phl.1979.0019
Leibniz, F، v، G، W., 2007.THEODICY: Essays on the Goodness of God, the Origin of Evil، s.l.: BiblioBazaar.
Leibniz, G، W., 2012، Discourse on Metaphysics and The Monadology، s.l.: Dover Publications.
Leibniz, G، W., 1989، Philosophical Papers and Letters، s.l.: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Leibniz, G، W، F., 1951، The Principles of Nature and of Grace, Based on Reason، s.l.: The Modern Student’s Library.
Murray, M، J، a، G، S., 2016، Leibniz on the Problem of Evil، [Online]
Available at: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2016/entries/leibniz-evil/
Neiman, S., 2002، Evil; An Alternative History in Modern Thought، s.l.: Princeton University Press.
Palmer, D., 2020، Looking at Philosophy The Unbearable Heaviness of Philosophy Made Lighter، s.l.: McGraw-Hill Education.
Peter, 2007، Leibniz Dilemma، [Online]
Available at: https://onphilosophy.wordpress.com/2007/06/15/leibniz%E2%80%99s-dilemma
Redding, P., 2009، Continental Idealism" Leibniz to Nietzsche، s.l.: Routledge.
Robert C، Sleigh, J., 2001، Remarks on Leibniz's Treatment of the Problem of Evil، In: Eelmar J، Kremer and Michael J، Latzer، s.l.: University of Toronto Press, pp، 165-179.
Russell, B., 1992، A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz، s.l.: Routledge.
Rutherford, D., 1988، Justice and Circumstances: Theodicy as Universal Religion، In: New Essays on Leibniz’s Theodicy، s.l.: Oxford University Press, pp، 71-91.
Rutherford, D., 2001، Leibniz and the Stoics: The Consolations of Theodicy، In: The Problem of Evil in Early Modern Philosophy، s.l.: University of Toronto Press, p، 138–64.
Strickland, L., 2014، Leibniz’s Monadology A New Translation and Guide، s.l.: Edinburgh University Press Ltd.
Strickland, L., 2016، Leibniz on God and Religion A Reader، s.l.: Bloomsbury Academic.
Strickland, L., 2017، How Leibniz Would Have Responded to the Lisbon Earthquake، In: Tercentenary Essays on the Philosophy and Science of Leibniz، s.l.: Palgrave Macmillan, pp، 257-278.
Strickland, L., 2020، Staying Optimistic! The Trials and Tribulations of Leibnizian Optimism، In: Leibniz’s Legacy and Impact، s.l.: Routledge, pp، 53-86.
Wilson, C., 1983، Leibnizian Optimism، The Journal of Philosophy, Vol، 80, No، 11, pp، 765-783.
Wilson, M، D., 1999، Ideas and Mechanism: Essays On Early Modern Philosophy، s.l.: Princeton University Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of University of Raparin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
