The influence of Turkish literary schools on Piramerd

Abstract

     Piramerd is considered one of the prominent and distinguished figures of the first half of Kurdish literature, journalism, and as a social reformer and nationalist intellectual in Southern Kurdistan. He was a multi-talented and prolific personality. Therefore, studying Piramerd's world cannot be completed in just a few books. Perhaps in literary and journalistic studies, more attention has been paid to his role and influence in journalism and the renewal of Kurdish literature, but in this research, we have focused on the Turkish literary trends of Piramerd's time when he lived in Turkey, his relationships with Turkish writers, and the influence of their works in enriching his literary experience, as well as the importance of benefiting from new Western literary genres and the significance of translation in enriching national literature, text language, and new perspectives on world literature. These literary trends helped him take steps toward modernization after his return, both in form and appearance, and in terms of content, to think about changes in the structure of Kurdish poetry. Therefore, when discussing modernization, Piramerd is directly considered one of the pioneers of the renewal of Kurdish poetry and literature. During Piramerd's time in Turkey, there were three prevalent literary trends: the Islamic-nationalist trend, the national culture and language trend, and finally the modernist trend and turn toward Western literature and European modernist movements, which largely renewed Turkish national literature under the light of Romanticism.