Abnormal Personality Traits and Social Network Addiction Among Soran University Students ((Alternative Model for Personality Disorders According to the Fifth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5)))
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26750/Vol(9).No(5).Paper16Keywords:
Abnormal Personality Traits, Addiction, Social Network Addiction.Abstract
The phenomenon of social network addiction has attracted the attention of many specialists and researchers as it represents a growing problem in the field of mental health based on the current evidence. Majority of the studies have tried to find out a relationship between the personality traits and the social network addiction.
Most of researchers and clinicians have followed the DSM categorization, but others believe that this categorization is very general, thus, they proposed more specific alternative approach to determine abnormal personality traits. Based on this proposal, the DSM-5 has recommended researchers to carry out further investigation. Based on those facts, the aim of this study is to identify the extent to which each dimension and wich abnormal personality traits contributes to predicting social network addiction among Soran University students.
For reaching the researche aim, the researchers have prepared two scales: first for measuring the social network addiction that is consists of 18 items. Second, for measuring the abnormal personality traits by the suggested alternative model in (DSM-5) and it consists of 50 items. This scales were implemented on the students of Soran University in both science and humanities, in which their number 600 students. For solving the data, the research has utilized the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).The results demonstrate that there is a significant effect for both dimensions (Negative Affectivity and Antagonism) and seventeen out of twenty-five traits in predicting the social network addiction among Soran University students. Hence, the researcher has analyzed those results, based the study findings, some recommendations and suggestions have been provided.
References
بوبعاية، سمية (2017). الإدمان على الإنترنت وعلاقته بظهور اضطرابات النوم لدى عينة من الشباب الجامعي دراسة ميدانية بجامعة محمد بو ضياف بالمسيلة. رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة، كلية العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية، جامعة بوضياف.
العباجي، عمر موفق(2010). الإدمان والإنترنت. عمان: دارمجدلاوي، ط1.
عبدالله، مجدى احمد محمد (2000).علم النفس المرضي دراسة في الشخصية بين السواء والاضطراب. بيروت: دار المعرفة الجامعية.
عبدالله، محمد قاسم (2015). إدمان الإنترنت وعلاقتها بسمات الشخصية المرضية لدى الأطفال والمراهقين (دراسة ميدانية في حلب). مجلة الطفولةالعربية،المجلد 16،العدد 64 ص9-23.
عزيزي، امير واسماعيلى، سودابه واسماعيلى، مهدى و پیدا، نگین (2016). بررسی همبستگی اعتیاد به اینترنت با أبعاد شخصیتی هگزاکو در دانشآموزان دبیرستانی. مجله آموزش پرستاری دوره 4 شماره 2(پیاپی12) ص68-77.
العصيمي، سلطان عائض مفرح (2010). إدمان الإنترنت وعلاقته بالتوافق النفسي الاجتماعي لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية بمدينة الرياض. رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة، جامعة نايف العربية للعلوم الأمنية.
علوي نژاد، رامين، كوشكى، شيرين، باغداريانس، آنيتا وگلشنى، فاطمه (2020). الگوى ساختارى اعتياد به اينترنت بر اساس صفات ناسازگار شخصيت ونارسايى هيجانى با ميانجى گرى احساس تنهايى دانشجويان. روش ومدلهاى روانشناختى/سال 10، شماره 37، ص117-138.
معيجل، سهام مطشر وبريسم، علي عبدالحسن (2016). إدمان على الإنترنت وعلاقته ببعض المتغيرات لدى طلبة الجامعة. مجلة ابحاث ميسان، المجلد12، العدد 24،ص1-35.
يعقوبي، حسن ومردانى لطيفه سادات (2019). نقش واسطه اى احساس تنهايى در رابطه بين أبعاد نابهنجار شخصيت با اعتياد به اينترنت در كاربران شبكه هاى اجتماعي. مجله پژوهش سلامت، دوره3، شماره،3 ص 177-186.
Alimoradi, Z., Lin, Ch. Y., Imani, V., Griffiths, M. D., and Pakpour, A. H. (2019) 'Social media addiction and sexual dysfunction among Iranian women: The mediating role of intimacy and social support', J Behav Addict, 8(2), pp.318-325. doi: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.24.
Ambad, S. N. A., Kalimini, K. M., and Yusof, K. M. A. K. (2017) 'The Effect of Internet Addiction on Student’s Emotional and Academic Performance', E-Academia Journal, 6(1),pp.86-98. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343408514
Amendola, S., Spensieri, V., Biuso, G. S., and Cerutti, R. (2020) 'the relationship between maladaptive personality functioning and problematic technology use in adolescence: A cluster analysis approach', Scandinavian journal of Psychology, 61(6), pp.809-818. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12664
American Psychiatric Association.(2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC .
Anderson, J. l.(2016) 'Evaluating the assessment and clinical application the DSM-5 section III personality disorder model', Ph.D. thesis, university of Alabama.
Andreassen, C. S. (2015) 'Online Social Network Addiction: A comprehensive Review', Technology and addiction, 2, pp.175-184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0056-9
Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., and Pallesen, S. (2016) 'the relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study', Psychol. Addict. Behav, 30(2), pp. 252–262.
Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., and Griffiths, M. D. (2017) 'the relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey', Addictive Behaviors, 64, pp. 287–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.006
Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., and Pallesen, S. (2012) 'Development of Facebook addiction scale', Psychological Reports, 110(2), pp.501-517. https://doi.org/10.2466%2F02.09.18.PR0.110.2.501-517.
Anli, G.(2019) 'The mediator role of authenticity in the relation between submissive behaviors and internet addiction', Malaysian online journal of educational technology, 7(3), pp. 11-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17220/mojet.2019.03.002
Azizi, S. M., Soroush, A., and Khatony, A. (2019) 'The relationship between social networking addiction and academic performance in Iranian students of medical sciences: a cross-sectional study', BMC Psychology,7(28), pp.1-8.
Biolcati, R., Mancini, G., Pupi, V., and Mugheddu, V. (2018) 'Facebook Addiction: Onset Predictors', Clinical Medicine, 7(6), 118. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060118
Blachnio, A., Przepiorka, A., Senol-Durak, E., Durak, M., and Sherstyuk, L. (2017) 'The role of personality traits in Facebook and Internet addictions: A study on Polish, Turkish, and Ukrainian samples' Journal of Computers in Human Behavior, 68, pp. 269–275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.037
Bodroza, B., and Jovanovic, T. (2016) 'Validation of the new scale for measuring behaviors of Facebook users: Psycho-Social Aspects of Facebook use (PSAFU)', Journal of Computers in Human Behavior, 54, pp. 425-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.032
Boland, J. K., and Anderson, J. l. (2019) 'The role of personality psychopathology in social network site behaviors', Personality and Individual Differences, 151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109517
Brailovskaia, J., and Margraf, J. (2017) 'Facebook addiction disorder (FAD) among German students- A longitudinal approach', Pols One, 2(12), pp.1-15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189719
Brailovskaia, J., Rohmman, E., Bierhoff, H. W., and Margraf, J.(2018). The brave blue world: Facebook flow and Facebook Addiction Disorder (FAD).Plos One 13(7), pp.1-12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201484
Brevers, D., and Turel, O. (2019) 'Strategies for self-controlling social media use: Classification and role in preventing social media addiction symptoms', J Behav Addict, 8(3), pp. 554-563. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.49
Carbonell, X., and Panova, T. (2016) 'A critical consideration of social networking sites’ addiction potential', Addiction research & theory, 25(1), pp. 48-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2016.1197915
Casale, S., and Fioravant, G. (2018) 'why narcissists are at risk for developing Facebook addiction: The need to be admired and the need to belong', Addictive Behaviors, 76, pp.312-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.08.038
Casale, S., Fioravanti, G., and Rugai, L. (2016) 'Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissists: Who Is at Higher Risk for Social Networking Addiction? ', Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 19(8), pp.510-515 http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0189
Christodoulou, G., Majmundar, A., Chou, Ch., and Pertz, M.A. (2020) 'Anhedonia, screen time, and substance use in early adolescents: A longitudinal mediation analyses', Journal of adolescence, 28, pp. 24-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.11.007
Chwaszcz, J., Kuleta, B. L., Wiechetek, M., Niewiadomska, I., and Chrisidis, P. A. (2018) 'Personality Traits, Strategies for Coping with Stress and the Level of Internet Addiction—A Study of Polish Secondary-School Students', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,15 (5), pp.1-11. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph15050987
Comer, R. J., and Comer, J. S.(2018) Abnormal Psychology. 10thedn. Worth publishers, NewYork, USA.
Dong, G., Wang, J., Yang, X., and Zhou, H. (2013) 'Risk personality traits of Internet addiction: a longitudinal study of Internet addicted Chinese university students' Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 5(4), pp. 316-321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-5872.2012.00185.x
Ershad, Z. S., and Aghajani, T.(2017) 'Prediction of Instagram social network addiction based on the personality, alexithymia and attachment Styles', Sociological Studies of Youth, 8(26), pp. 21–34.
Fisoun, V., Floros, G., Siomos, K., Geroukalis, D., and Navridis, K.(2012) 'Internet addiction as an important predictor in early detection of adolescent drug use experience-implications for research and practice', J Addict Med, 6, pp. 77–84. https://doi.org/10.1097/adm.0b013e318233d637
Floros, G. D., Siomos, K., Stogiannidou, A., Giouzepas, I., and Garyfallos, G. (2014) 'The relationship between personality, defense styles, internet addiction disorder, and psychopathology in college students', Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(10), pp. 672–676. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0182
Frost, R. L., and Rickwood, D. J. (2017) 'A systematic review of the mental health outcomes associated with Facebook use', Journal of Computers in Human Behavior, 76, pp.576-600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.001
Gervaci, A., M. Marca, L. L., Lombardo, E. M. C., Mannino, G., Lacolin. C., and Schimmenti, A. (2017) 'Maladaptive personality traits and internet Addiction symptoms among young adults: A study Based on the alternative DSM-5 Model for personality disorders', Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 14(1), pp.20-28. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315715592
Giota, K. G., and Kleftaras, G. (2013) 'The role of personality and depression in problematic use of social networking sites in Greece', Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 7(3), pp.1-12. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2013-3-6
Guillot, C. R., Bello, M. S., Tsais, J. Y., Huh, J. Leventhal, A. M., Sussman, S., and Fapa, F. (2016) 'Longitudinal Association between Anhedonia and internet related Addictive Behaviors in Emerging Adults', Journal of Computers Human Behavior, 62, pp. 475-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.019
Hawk, S. T., Eijnden, R. J. J. M. V. D., Lissa, C. J. V., and Bogt, T. F. M. T. (2019) 'Narcissistic Adolescents’ Attention-Seeking Following Social Rejection: Links with Social Media Disclosure, Problematic Social Media Use, and Smartphone Stress', Jouranal of Computers in Human Behavior, 92, pp. 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.10.032
Hopwood, Ch. J., Mullay, A. L., and Waugh, M. H.(2019) The DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorder, integrating multiple paradigms of personality assessment. Routledge, NewYork.
Hou, Y., Xiong, D., Jiang, T., Song, L., and Wang, Q. (2019) 'Social media addiction: Its impact, mediation, and intervention', Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 13(1), pp.1-17. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2019-1-4
Jablonska, M. R., and Zajdel, R. (2020) 'the Dark Triad Traits and Problematic Internet Use: Their Structure and Relations', Polish-Sociological-Review, 4(212), pp. 477-495. https://doi.org/10.26412/psr212.06
Jonason, P. K., and Krause, L. (2013) 'the emotional deficits associated with the Dark Triad traits: Cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and alexithymia', Personality and Individual
Differences, 55(5), pp.532–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.04.027
Kircaburun, K., and Griffiths, M. D. (2018) 'the dark side of internet: Preliminary evidence for the associations of dark personality traits with specific online activities and problematic internet use', Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(4), pp. 993-1003. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.109
Kuss, D. J., and Griffthis, M. D. (2011)'Online Social Networking and Addiction-A Review of the Psychological Literature', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(9), pp. 3528-3552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8093528
Lee, S.L., and Lim, S. X. (2021) 'Predicting internet addiction with the dark triad: Beyond the five-factor model', Psychology of Popular Media, 10(3), pp. 362–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000336
Liu, Ch., and Ma, J.(2018) 'Development and validation of the Chinese social media addiction scale', Personality and Individual Differences, 134, pp. 55-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.05.046
Müller, K. W., Werthmann, J., Beutel, M., Wolfing, K., and Egloff, B. (2021) 'Maladaptive personality traits and their interaction with outcome expectancies in gaming disorder and internet- related disorders', International Journal of Environmental research and Public Health, 18, pp. 39-67. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083967
Musetti, A., Mancicni, T., Corsano, P., Santoro, G., Cavallini, M. C., and Schimmenati, A.(2019). Maladaptive Personality Functioning and Psychopathological Symptoms in Problematic Video Game Players: A person-centered approach.Frontiers in Psychology, 10, pp.1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02559
Nnamdi, G. O.(2010) Facebook addiction the life and times networking addiction. ELTS, 2.E BOOK
Oskenbay, F., Kalymbetova, E., Tolegenova, A., Kabakova, M., Bakiyeva, S., and Nugmanova, S.(2015) 'Addictive behavior among adolescents', Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 171, pp. 406- 411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.140
Perugini, M. L. L., and Solano, A. C. (2021) 'Normal and Maladaptive Personality Traits as Predictors of Motives for social media use and its effects on well-being', Psychological Report, 124(3), pp. 1070-1092 https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0033294120922495
Ponets, H. M. (2017) 'Investigating the differential effects of social networking site addiction and Internet gaming disorder on psychological health', Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(4), pp.601–610. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.075
Rahardjo, W., and Mulyani, I. (2020) 'Instagram addiction in teenagers: the role of type D personality, self–Esteem and fear of missing out', Piskahumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikology, 5(1), pp. 29-44. https://doi.org/10.21580/pjpp.v5i1.4916
Rodriguez, A. T., Griffiths, M. D., Carbonell, X., and Oberst, U. (2018) 'Internet gaming disorder in adolescence: psychological characteristics of a clinical sample', Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(3), pp. 707-718. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.75
Ross, C., Orr, E. S., Sisic, M., Arseneault, J. M., Simmering, M. J., and Orr, R. R.(2009) 'Personality and motivations associated with Facebook use', Journal of Computers in Human Behavior, 25(2), pp. 578–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.12.024
Rothen, S., Briefer, J. F. E., Deleuze, J., Karila, L., Andreassen, C. S., Achab, S., Thorens, G., Khazzal, Y., Zullino, D., and Billieux, J. (2018) 'Disentangling the role of user's preferences and impulsivity traits in problematic Facebook use', Plos One Journal, 13(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201971
Sahraian, A., Hedayati, S. B., Manni, A., and Hedayati, A. (2016) 'Internet Addiction based on personality characteristics in medical students' Shiraz E-Medical Journal, (17), 10. https://dx.doi.org/10.17795/semj41149
Sarramon, C. Verdoux, H., Schmitt, L., and Bourgeois, M. (1999) 'Addiction and personality traits: sensation seeking, Anhedonia, impulsivity.L Encephale, pp.569-575.
Savci, M., Turan, M. E., Griffiths, M. D., and Ercengiz, M. (2019) 'Histrionic Personality, Narcissistic Personality, and Problematic Social Media Use: Testing of a New Hypothetical Model' International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-00139-5
Schimmenti, A., Musetti, A., Costanzo, A., Terrone, G., Magnuco, N. R., Rinella, C. A., and Gervaci, A. M. (2021) 'The unfabulous Four: Maladaptive personality functioning, Insecure Attachment, Dissociative Experiences and problematic Internet Use among young adults' International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19, pp. 447-461. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11469-019-00079-0
Senad, R. R. (2018) 'The Effect of Internet Addiction on Emotional Maturity of Collage Going Students', The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 6(4), pp.16-22.
Shahnawaz, M. G., and Rehman, U. (2020) 'Social Networking Addiction Scale', Cogent Psychology,7 (1), pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2020.1832032
Sindermann, C., Sariyska, R., Lachmann, B., Brand, M., and Montag, C.(2018) 'Associations between the dark triad of personality and unspecified/specific forms of Internet-use disorder', Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7, pp. 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.114
Tang, J. H., Chen, M. Ch., Yang, Ch. Y., Chung, T. Y., and Lee, Y. A.(2016) 'Personality traits, interpersonal relationships, online social support, and Facebook addiction', Telematics and Informatics, 33(1), pp. 102-108. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0736585315000532
Turkmen, K., and Yildiz, M. (2019) 'A study of multidimensional submissiveness Scale', Dini Araştırmalar, Temmuz - Aralık, 22(56), pp.285-306. http://dx.doi.org/10.15745/da.630673
Van der Aa, N., Overbeek, G., Engels, R. C., Scholte, R. H., Meerkerk, G. J., and Van den Eijnden, R.J. (2009) 'Daily and compulsive internet use and well-being in adolescence: A diathesis-stress model based on big five personality traits', Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(6), pp. 765–776. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-008-9298-3
Xie, W., and Karan, K. (2019) 'Predicting Facebook addiction and state anxiety without Facebook by gender, trait anxiety, Facebook intensity, and different Facebook activities', Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(14), pp. 79-87.
Xiuqin, H., Huimin, Z., Mengchen, L., Jinan, W., Ying, Z., and Ran T.(2010) 'Mental Health, Personality, and Parental Rearing Styles of Adolescents with Internet Addiction Disorder', Cyber psychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(4), pp. 401-406. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0222
Yan, W., Li, Y., and Sui, N.(2013) 'The relationship between recent stressful life events, personality traits, perceived family functioning and internet addiction among college students', Stress and Health, 30(1), pp. 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2490
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of University of Raparin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
